Load balancer is another critical component in distributed system. it helps to spread the traffic across a cluster of servers to improve responsiveness and availability of applications, websites or databases. LB also tracks of the status of all the resources while distributing requests. If a server is not available to take new requests, or is not responding or has elevated error rate, the load balance will not pass on requests to that server.

URL shortening is used to create shorter aliases for long URLs. We call these shortened aliases “short links”. Users are redirected to the original URLs when they hit those short links. Short links save a lot of space when displayed, printed, messaged, tweeted. Additionally, users are less likely to mistype shorter URLs.